On Melting of Fresh-Water Ice In Sea-Water

Methane excess in Arctic surface water- triggered by sea ice formation and melting

Arctic amplification of global warming has led to increased summer sea ice retreat, which influences gas exchange between the Arctic Ocean and the atmosphere where sea ice previously acted as a physical barrier. Indeed, recently observed enhanced atmospheric methane concentrations in Arctic regions with fractional sea-ice cover point to unexpected feedbacks in cycling of methane. We report on m...

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Ice Melting in Water

The numerical simulation of ice melting in water considering temperature-dependent material properties and phase-change effects is proposed in this work. The governing differential equations (continuity, linear momentum and energy) are spatially discretized within the finite element method together with a implicit Euler scheme for the time derivatives. The melting of ice initially at –4.3 ºC an...

Mechanism of circulatory failure in fresh and sea water drowning.

O LDER concepts as to the cause of death from drowning postulated that spasm of the glottis prevents entry of water into the lungs, that impairment or cessation of the heart beat is due to asphyxia and that use of artificial respiration offers the greatest chance for revival. Recent experimental studies have revealed that this mechanism is dominant in a minority of cases only: 20 per cent in ou...

Fresh water and sea water drowning; a study of the terminal cardiac and biochemical events.

Floating Ice-Algal Aggregates below Melting Arctic Sea Ice

During two consecutive cruises to the Eastern Central Arctic in late summer 2012, we observed floating algal aggregates in the melt-water layer below and between melting ice floes of first-year pack ice. The macroscopic (1-15 cm in diameter) aggregates had a mucous consistency and were dominated by typical ice-associated pennate diatoms embedded within the mucous matrix. Aggregates maintained b...